In 2014, there was still no legal provision in the country that allowed the use of products derived from Cannabis for health treatment. But some families, who were already seeking means of access, resorted to the judiciary and had this right guaranteed through the obligation of Anvisa (National Health Surveillance Agency), the agency responsible for the control of these products in the country to allow this import. The pressure of these court decisions led Anvisa to create the RDC 17/2015, the first device that regulated the import of these products upon medical prescription and authorization from the Agency.
With a high demand for import orders at the end of 2019, the analysis time for this authorization exceeded 3 months. During this period, the patient was unable to start the treatment prescribed to him by his doctor. Thus, the need for an update of the regulatory standard was recognized. This update happened with the approval of RDC 335/2020, at the beginning of last year. The new resolution significantly facilitated the process, requiring fewer documents and information and increasing the validity period of the registration. These measures reduced the analysis time to about 10 days, meeting patients' needs a little better.
To expand access to medicinal cannabis-derived products for patients, RDC 327/2019 came into effect at the beginning of last year, approved at the end of 2019. This resolution allowed the products to be made available in pharmacies and drugstores in the country, as long as they met a series of technical requirements from Anvisa, something similar to the purchase of controlled drugs. This resolution, however, has not yet fulfilled its objective: only one isolated CBD product is available in pharmacies at the time of publication of this article.
In June of this year, the Special Committee of the Chamber of Deputies approved PL 399/2015. The bill intends to expand access to medicinal products derived from Cannabis in Brazil, allowing not only the cultivation in national territory by companies and patient associations but also the exploitation for other industrial purposes, such as foodstuffs; and the use of fibres, which can be used mainly in the textile and civil construction industries. It will still be necessary to obtain authorization from the respective competent government agencies for each area, such as the National Health Surveillance Agency (Anvisa) in the case of drug production or the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply (MAPA) in the case of veterinary or industrial use.
Deputies against the bill filed an appeal, and the bill is still under analysis at the house and must go through a plenary session in the Chamber of Deputies. Learn more about PL here.
Uruguay became the first country in the world to legalize the plant for both medicinal and adult use. Like all regulations, the Uruguayan model had its particularities: in addition to the health issue, it also focused on combating drug trafficking. The premise was to leave the government solely responsible for selling these products, licensing producing companies. But they were slow to be made available, and those involved soon found themselves with several limitations: problems linked to foreign banks; low potency varieties; insufficient supply, among others. These problems prevented the country from gaining greater prominence on the global stage. Still, last year, Uruguay made large exports of medicinal Cannabis to other countries.
The medicinal use of Cannabis in Canada has been regulated for over 20 years, making it one of the first places in the world to regulate access to cannabis products. In 2001, Health Canada, an agency similar to Anvisa, started the medical cannabis program that allowed access to products grown domestically or sold directly by the Agency. In 2018, the country became the second in the world to legalize the cultivation, possession, purchase, and consumption of Cannabis also for adult purposes.
In 2020, the country legalized the self-cultivation of Cannabis for medicinal purposes. The new regulations allow the sale of oils, creams, and other derivatives of the plant in authorized pharmacies. To obtain authorization, it is necessary to have a medical prescription and to have given the corresponding consent. Whoever cultivates must register with the Cannabis Program Registry of the Ministry of Health, which issues the releases.
With research led by Bulgarian chemist Raphael Mechoulam, Israel pioneered the scientific discoveries that revolutionized knowledge about Cannabis and its therapeutic effects even in the 1960s, when the plant was illegal on almost the entire planet.
Medicinal use is also widespread. Since the 1990s, patients with cancer or other serious illnesses can legally use the products – including inhaled administration – for medicinal purposes.
The country remains at the forefront of research and development on the plant. The expansion of the market in other countries meant that Israel also allowed its export, and today it has an even greater presence in the global market.
Each state in the United States has the autonomy to adopt its own regulations, even though it is different from what is federally stipulated. For this reason, some states have had fewer restrictions on medicinal use for several years, such as California, which pioneered the regulation since 1996. Currently, several states have also legalized adult use.
The United States has a federal law that regulates only the production and use of hemp, a variety of Cannabis that produces less than 0.3% of THC and is rich in CBD, throughout the country.
With legal status at the federal level, products with THC levels of up to 0.3% are found in many places, from pharmacies to supermarkets and convenience stores.
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The boost will be driven by more products coming to market this year in major retail chains as more stores follow Sephora, Ulta, and others in the CBD beauty categories.
Beauty and cosmetics products, including face lotions, serums, and skin nourishment/replenishment products accounted for about 18% of all hemp-CBD product sales in 2020, bringing in roughly $340 million in sales.
Nielsen predicts the category, which does not include pharmaceutical and marijuana-derived CBD products, will continue growing market share in the coming years and will eventually account for 20% of total CBD sales for 2021.
With further supply-chain improvements and favorable guidance from the FDA, the beauty and cosmetics category could top $2 billion by 2025.
“For many existing brands in the cannabinoid space, the cosmetic and beauty space present a logical category extension to branch into,” said Rick Maturo, Nielsen’s associate director of client service for cannabis.
“Those categories are well-established in leveraging the growing and continuing trend of functional ingredients such as good-for-you or from-the-earth,” Maturo added.
But there are challenges for retailers, manufacturers, and brands going forward.
Unlike other CBD categories, beauty and cosmetics sales are driven primarily by women, especially young women.
Nielsen survey data shows that women under 35 are most likely to use the category today and in the next 12 months.
This may limit the ability of brands to broaden the appeal to other segments, like men.
And with most cosmetics and beauty products not formulated or intended to address internal needs like sleep or anxiety, the category is not appealing to two of the biggest reasons consumers to turn to CBD beauty.
But the category does appeal to a large segment of female users, some of whom are already embracing cannabis and cannabinoids as part of their wellness and self-care routines, Maturo said.
The price might be a barrier to new customer adoption as CBD beauty and cosmetic products are often more expensive than their non-CBD counterparts.
According to Nielsen, the average consumer spent around $36 on beauty and cosmetics products in 2020.
But there is a large variability in prices in the category compared to other CBD products, as the products have different usage and replenishment cycles, Maturo said.
CBD beauty consumers use the products more often when compared to other categories, such as gummies, with 42% saying they apply a beauty product at least weekly.
Maturo pointed out that cosmetics brands are already adept at building loyalty using tools like social-media influencers.
“If they can become ingrained as part of a consumers’ daily routine…the inclusion of natural ‘good-for-you ingredients can go a long way in guaranteeing long–term traction with consumers.”
A European Union directive is due to become law in February 2021, recognizing cannabidiol (CBD) as an ingredient in cosmetic products, derived from cannabis extract or tincture, or resin. This document provides countries in the European Union with references for raw materials that are suitable for cosmetic production. As of this moment, the EU has only recognized synthetic cannabidiol as a form of cannabis extract.
A key step for the growth of this new branch of the cosmetics industry in the European Union has been its recognition and inclusion in the CosIng of Cannabidiol of Natural Origin. The EIHA, the European Association for Industrial Hemp, has strongly supported this move.
Around the world, CBD Beauty is becoming more and more popular. The unbridled competition among cosmetic manufacturers, as well as an increasing focus on the use of natural ingredients in cosmetics, have led many manufacturers to invest in research and development focusing on CBD's properties in recent years.
There is evidence that Low-THC Cannabis sativa L. extracts may provide numerous beneficial benefits to the human body, including improved skin conditions thanks to their antioxidant properties, restored balance when excessive sebum production is present, and increased collagen and elasticity levels.
The study by Technario, published on businesswire.com this past October, has estimated that technology will grow by 31% each year between 2020 and 2024. At the end of the period, the market is estimated to be worth $3,09 billion. Market research company Million Insights estimates the sales of cannabis-derived skincare products will reach €1.7 billion in 2026, which is a significant increase over the standings at present.
As far as CBD Beauty is concerned, the main market is currently not only North America, but the official recognition of CBD by the European Union will enliven the process of industrialization and the sale of CBD-based cosmetic products within the Union.
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Seth Rogen's father said that smoking cannabis helped his son with undiagnosed attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Tourette syndrome.
In an interview with The New York Times Magazine, Mark Rogen said: “We had him on a strict diet that helped keep him in balance, but his recovery from ADHD wasn’t 100 per cent. Marijuana finally made his cells relax.”
The film star’s mother, Sandy Rogen, said: “I knew when he was four that he had ADHD because he would not be able to sit in school. We took him off dairy, wheat, sugar, yeast – everything good. But he was still in trouble at school, finding it hard to sit still.”
Speaking about cannabis and its effects on ADHD, the 39-year-old Canadian-American actor said himself: “It’s just a tool we use to make our experience more palatable, and some people need those tools a lot more than others.”
He compared his cannabis habit to wearing shoes and conceded that he smokes it “all day”.
“For me, it’s like shoes. For you, it might be like sunglasses. Not everyone’s the same. If someone doesn’t need to smoke weed? Great. It’s the same as someone telling me they don’t wear glasses,” he said.
“Mazel tov! You don’t wear glasses. I do!”
The actor has long been fond of the drug, and his own cannabis line, “Houseplant”, is launching in California, where it is legal for both medical and recreational use.
Last month, Rogen took to Twitter to announce: “Almost ten years I go, I envisioned having my own weed company. And today I can say that my company Houseplant’s weed will be available in California next week! Also, Houseplants making lovely Housegoods like ashtrays, lighters, and YES, even ceramics.”
The start from Pineapple Express is a huge ceramics fan. His Instagram profile is filled with different vases, ashtrays, and jars he makes on a daily basis.
In one of the posts, Rogen showed the entire process of how he makes an ashtray. He wrote: “How I Make An Ashtray - Here’s how I made the prototype for what became the Ashtray Set by Seth. The one you can get from Houseplant on Thursday is based on this design! This video was filmed in my garage!”
ADHD manifests a wide range of symptoms, some more severe than others, and some less serious. In addition to these problems, hyperactivity, inattentiveness, impulsiveness, and problems sleeping are just a few to name. Many times, such symptoms lead to serious problems within people's social lives, so being able to alleviate their symptoms is important in order to maintain a normal and happy life.
The traditional treatment used to take care of ADHD symptoms has been medication prescribed for a variety of conditions associated with the condition, but more and more patients are beginning to consider the potential benefits of alternative treatments such as medical marijuana.
There has been increasing evidence that both CBD and THC, the active compounds in medical cannabis, have the ability to reduce anxiety and act as antidepressants, making it an alternative to traditional ADHD medications.
Clearly, scientists have been recommending the use of medical marijuana as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) since it is believed to be a therapeutic option that may effectively help patients suffering from ADHD.
Would you mind sharing with me whether you have heard that medical marijuana can cause failure to concentrate in recreational users? In the case of ADHD patients, it seems that they experience a reverse effect to what you have mentioned. According to a 2008 study in Germany, cannabis may be helpful in improving ADHD symptoms, which would be in line with an increase in the disposal of serotonin.
A limited amount of research has been conducted regarding the effectiveness of medical cannabis in treating ADHD. In spite of that fact, there was a study performed that examined an online discussion forum regarding people's experiences while taking medical cannabis for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. According to the 468 participants who took part in the study, 25% felt that medical cannabis played a positive role in managing the symptoms associated with ADHD.
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After a death in the herd left young Fredzia struggling to survive, zookeepers have turned to a new experimental treatment that they hope to alleviate the effects of depression and anxiety on the bereaved elephant.
Erna, the largest and oldest female from the African elephant enclosure at Warsaw Zoo, died in March, leaving behind three young mourning companions to learn their new roles in a fragmented group. Fredzia, in particular, found it difficult to adapt.
"This is a big game-changer for all elephant groups. Elephants can have behavioural problems when the structure of a group changes," Dr. Agnieszka Czujkowska, who heads the zoo's Animal Rehabilitation department, told the BBC.
At the time of Erna's death, zookeepers said that Fredzia was depressed and showing signs of mourning. Since then, the young elephant seems stressed as he struggles to bond with other female Buba.
Dr Czujkowska and his colleagues hope an experimental cannabis oil treatment will relieve Fredzia's stress, allowing the elephant to relate more comfortably to others and restore balance to the herd.
Cannabidiol, known on the market as cannabis oil, is extracted from a compound in the cannabis plant and is believed to increase the brain's production of dopamine and serotonin, two chemicals known to affect mood. CBD has no psychoactive effects; therefore, it does not intoxicate elephants.
For the experiment in Warsaw, Dr Czujkowska will monitor the elephants' cortisol levels. Cortisol is a hormone produced in the human and animal body in stressful situations. A control measurement has already been taken.
"We are planning to give them cannabis oil and measure cortisol again. This is the experiment. So we know for sure [oil] is working or not," said Dr Czujkowska.
Stanford University professor Caitlin O'Connell, who leads the Mushara research project looking at the social structure of elephant groups, told The Independent that cannabis oil should be an appropriate treatment for the Warsaw herd, considering the alleviating effects of the stress it can have on humans, who may not cope so differently with the loss of their large-eared mammalian companions.
"[Elephants] seem to exhibit behaviours similar to ours in the context of loss, and since we share the same hormones, anything that helps reduce anxiety is worth trying," said Professor O'Connell.
Professor O'Connell writes about the complex ways elephants deal with pain in Wild Rituals, her next book. In a case not unlike the one at the Warsaw Zoo, which saw the death of a matriarch in a herd, zookeepers gave the youngest elephants access to the corpse, and two of the dead animal's closest companions spent the entire night spreading earth over the corpse.
Known as a cannabinoid, hemp oil contains a naturally occurring compound known as CBD (cannabidiol). The cannabis plant contains these compounds. According to their level of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabis plants are sometimes called hemp or marijuana.
CBD does not produce the same effects as marijuana, such as a "high." THC produces a "high."
Hemp or marijuana plants can be used to produce CBD.
New research has investigated the health benefits of CBD, which has gained popularity in recent years. CBD oil and other CBD products may successfully treat depression symptoms in some cases, according to some research.
What benefit does it have?
It's important to understand that CBD research is limited if you are considering using CBD for therapeutic purposes. Over the last decade, many studies have been conducted, but most of them involved animals.
So at the moment, we can only speculate about CBD's potential benefits for depression in humans.
There is evidence to suggest that CBD may help with depression, especially when it comes to:
CBD may have positive effects on the serotonin receptors in the brain, making it beneficial for depression.
Depression is likely associated with low serotonin levels. It's important to note that CBD doesn't necessarily increase serotonin levels; however, it may affect your brain's chemical receptors response to serotonin you may already have.
CBD's neurotransmitters, or neurotransmitter receptors, in the brain are involved in both antidepressant and anti-anxiety effects, according to a 2014 animal study.
An analysis of existing studies conducted by Trusted Source in 2018 concluded that CBD may reduce depression associated with stress by exerting anti-stress effects.
A lot of research and reviews are published every year in this area as this is still an active area of study. Information about how to most effectively use CBD will continue to change as researchers learn more about it and its potential benefits or concerns.
CBD (cannabis oil) has some benefits over antidepressant medications when it comes to treating depression.
There is typically a delay of weeks before an antidepressant medication begins to work. However, according to a 2019 study conducted by Trusted Source, CBD has antidepressant-like effects that last for weeks or months.
There may also be fewer side effects with CBD compared to antidepressant medications. The most common side effects of antidepressants include insomnia, sexual dysfunction, mood swings, and agitation. These issues have not been reported with CBD (cannabis oil).
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In CBD Yoga, cannabidiol is ingested or applied to the body, and it helps to relax and reduce anxiety.
"Cannabidiol is a non-psychoactive compound extracted from industrial hemp specifically created to have controlled levels of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)," says Simi Sugathan, scientist and founder of the risk assessment company Safety Monitor Research Foundation in Bangalore, India.
Dr Sayed Tahir Hassan from Kerala explains: "The sale of CBD oil extracted from hemp leaves is legal in our country. The use of CBD helps to slow down the destruction of the endocannabinoid cells that make up the endocannabinoid system in the human body. This system is responsible for maintaining different body functions such as appetite, reward function and sleep. It also helps to reduce anxiety and gives us a feeling of relaxation." Dr Hassan is a member of the California Society of Cannabis Clinicians and has been studying CBD for the past four years.
Vinesh Chandrakant, co-owner of CBD Store India, which has been selling CBD oil for a year, says: "Most people buy our products for neurological or mental illnesses. We only sell to those with a prescription".
For CBD Yoga, cannabidiol products are ingested or applied to the body. Cheri Smith, Calif., who introduces herself as "CBD Yoga teacher," says she has been practising yoga since 1999. She also claims to have studied the cannabis plant and CBD before starting CBD Yoga a year and a half ago.
Cheri places a few drops of CBD oil under her tongue a few minutes before practice. "I hope it absorbs in 30 seconds, and that makes me relax in the next two to three minutes. I also use CBD lotion on sore muscles or joints before yoga practice," she says. "The amount of product to be used differs from person to person and depends on weight, metabolism and severity of symptoms. I suggest the amount that can be used", she explains.
"Yoga itself is good for relaxing and reducing stress. Combining it with CBD increases this effect. CBD Yoga induces relaxation and helps reduce blood pressure and anxiety, promoting a person's overall health and well-being," she says.
That's what's going on. Recently, Holland & Barrett has started carrying hemp-based CBD oils.
There has been an explosion of CBD products on the high street over the course of the last two years. Throughout London, you can discover CBD gummies, chocolates, granola bars, cookies, vapes, oils, coffees, and smoothies made with CBD. Now, they are now offering CBD combined with yoga.
In the past, when we heard about something like this, it was actually something called a 'superfood', but unfortunately, all blueberries and acai have given us is the gift of a blue tongue. CBD oil, on the other hand, is not just a fad. According to National Institutes of Health studies, the calming effects of yoga can reduce anxiety, depression, and chronic pain, and it can even provide 'neuroprotective' effects that protect against brain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Lou Gehrig's diseases.
So what is so special about CBD yoga? For starters, there is a long tradition of yoga and marijuana that can be traced back. As a sacred plant, marijuana is revered in India, the place where yoga originated, and as a result, has been smoked by Sadhus (wandering holy men) for generations in accordance with their yogic practices.
This convergence of ideas and activities was brought to the attention of the West by the Beatles, when they rocked up to a Rishikeshi ashram during the dope-smoking era of the late 1960s with their "far out" entourage of friends. In spite of the fact that the expedition ended in tears, the White Album was produced as a result of it.
Getting baked for a gym class is simply not feasible for those of us who have busy lives. However, you could go to a CBD session and still be in fine shape for dinner with the in-laws, since it has no psychoactive effect.
Because yoga itself relieves muscle tension, stress, and anxiety, combining it with CBD is a beneficial combination. The practice also helps to reduce any short-term aches and pains that you might experience after an Ashtanga session.
Here is a list of the most laid-back to the most opulent studios available in the city.
Visit FLEX Chelsea, where the shower heads contain Vitamin C, essential oils, and filters to neutralise chlorine, transforming the experience into an aromatherapy spa experience. A cup of CBD tea is included in the cost of classes at the Feel Good Café, which costs £ 8.50.
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Cannabis can significantly enhance your tantric experience, as confirmed by ancient tantric practices originating in India as early as the 10th Century BC.
In recent times, we find it more and more difficult to reach a deeper connection with others; the reasons are complex but mainly rooted in our individualism and self-centric society. To put it simply, we don't leave much space to empathise with people or spend time and effort building meaningful relationships. As humans, it is only natural that we crave a deeper connection with one another, and sex satisfies this basic need. It is not the physical satisfaction of sexual intercourse we desire; it's entering in symbiosis with another human we can't live without. Tantric sexuality is a powerful way to achieve this by combining the physical element with the elevation of the spirit.
The word "Tantra" originates from Sanskrit, and it literally translates into "weave". In our world, it is intended as "continuity" and finds application in several practices such as religious rituals, tantric yoga, and sex. Many people don't know that several human experiences are included in Tantra to achieve a higher state of enlightenment. These include meditation and relaxation, but also pleasure as, without it, the body is not really alive.
Tantric practice brings together the different energies of the body, the soul and the mind to elevate the person into a higher spiritual dimension. It is about realising the individual's true nature, which cannot be attained on its own as we are all part of a much bigger system that we need to embrace and live in harmony with. To achieve spiritual enlightenment, we need to let go of our frustrations and dissatisfactions, accept the reality of the world we live in and surrender to our true nature.
Tantra is a long and beautiful journey, but it takes a lot of patience and practice to progress. The use of Cannabis in its various forms, from smoking to eating to using CBD Oils, can help us along our journey by inducing a more profound sense of relaxation and allowing us to really "let go". Sometimes it is not easy to leave our troubles and worries behind, so we need a natural remedy to accompany us in this process.
If used during a tantric sex experience, Cannabis allows us to be mindful and really present in our moment, grasp all its facets and live it for what it is. Our minds have a natural tendency to wander away; we often get distracted and lose ourselves in the past, in the future or simply in a fantasy. The potent terpenes in Cannabis can calm our mind and make it less hyperactive, therefore staying in the moment and getting greater enjoyment from it.
To maximise the benefits of Cannabis for you and your partner, think about trying different ways of consuming it and see how it affects your body and your perception. There is no right or wrong way to enjoy this versatile plant; you have to see what works best for you. For a gentle introductory experience, you could try rubbing some CBD Oil on each other's skin as you begin your tantric journey together. You could also add the CBD Oil into a diffuser as aromatherapy - it will spread a lovely scent around the environment and induce an immediate sense of calm and relaxation.
For a heightened experience, try smoking or vaping Cannabis, alone or mixed with tobacco; when doing so, always follow your partner's signals to ensure you are proceeding in harmony on your tantric journey together. If you need to keep up energy levels, you can also try CBD gummies, energy bars or even refresh yourselves with a Cannabis Leaf Beer! Be creative in the way you incorporate Cannabis into your experience, and both of you will receive maximum benefits from it.
Listen, you don't have to be a Masterchef or cannabis connoisseur to make herb butter or cannabutter. You just need to be knowledgeable, patient, and organized. At the end of the day, making cannabis butter is an efficient way to consume its therapeutic properties. It's discreet, versatile, and affordable.
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The following recipe freely translates to 30 mg of THC per tablespoon of oil or butter. Your perfect dose will vary, but 10 mg is standard. Start by testing ¼ teaspoon of the cannabis butter you make and wait about an hour. Notice how you feel and let your body tell you if this is a good amount, or if you need to adjust the quantity. Failing to be overly cautious will ensure that you really have fun and enjoy a positive experience.
The first thing you will have to do is decarboxylate your cannabis. Also known as "discard," this requires you to roast your herb, allowing THC, CBD, and other cannabinoids to be activated. In addition, it allows the lipids in the butter and oil to bind to the herb for the final cannabis infusion easily.
What you will need:
½ dose of the herb
hand grinder or scissors
Glass baking dish or baking dish
Oven
What to do:
Preheat oven to 220°F.
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Gently separate the desired amount of herb using a hand grinder, scissors, or with your hands until it has the perfect consistency for rolling a cigarette - thin but not too thin. Anything too thin will slip through the gauze. You want your cannabutter and oil to be as clean and as light as possible.
Evenly spread the plant material on the glass baking sheet or baking sheet. Bake on the center rack for 20 minutes if using old or lower quality grass; 45 minutes for high-grade cured weeds; or 1 hour or more for anything freshly harvested and still wet.
Check the herb frequently while it's in the oven, stirring it gently every 10 minutes, so it doesn't burn. You will notice that the color of your herb will change from bright green to a deep brownish-green. That's when you know it's been decarboxylated.
If you have cannabis, fat, time, and cooking, you can make marijuana butter with this method.
What you will need:
1 ½ cup of water
8 servings of clarified butter, melted butter, or oil
½ dose of decarboxylated cannabis
medium pot
Wooden spoon
Thermometer, optional cotton cloth, and/or metal filter
What to do:
In a medium saucepan over very low heat, add water and butter.
When the butter melts, add the decarboxylated cannabis. Mix well with a wooden spoon and cover with the lid.
Bring the mixture to a gentle boil for 4 hours. Stir every half hour to ensure the butter is not burning. If you have a thermometer, make sure the temperature does not exceed 180°.
After 4 hours, strain with gauze or metal sieve into a container. Allow the butter to cool to room temperature. Use immediately or keep in the refrigerator or freezer in a tightly closed glass bottle for up to six months.
With this cannabutter, you can cook pasta, brownies, hamburgers, baked potatoes, vegetables... even a Dutch coffee. You have to be careful not to use too much of your cannabutter; avoid getting too high. It´s not the same smoke it to eat it, so can´t use the same volume to cook. An overdose can cause a bad experience.
It seems that many parts of the world have accepted that the humble cannabis plant, with its complicated history, produces potential health benefits that are worth examining.
While all of this may seem like good news to those looking for more natural ways to improve their health, some companies are just cashing in on the green race, promoting exciting marketing claims and questionable business practices.
In this simple article, we'll look at whether the "full-spectrum" label on CBD oil packs really means anything or if it's another marketing device to raise the product's price.
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Cannabis plants produce over a hundred similar compounds called cannabinoids that interact with the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the main chemical compounds produced in the cannabis plant.
ECS is a pathway in our body that acts as a modulator to maintain the homeostasis of many of our vital systems. As ECS interacts with so many different systems that regulate our energy levels, metabolism, hormones, and even cognitive function, it's no wonder that cannabinoids have many far-reaching health benefits.
Thanks to growing worldwide interest in the potential benefits of the cannabis plant, further research is finding that, in addition to the two main cannabinoids, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and CBD, hemp's smaller cannabinoids can help improve the actions of THC and CBD.
Other cannabinoids that are visibly gaining more attention include CBG, CBN, and CBC.
Most of the CBD oils you find virtually everywhere are made from low THC, high CBD cannabis plants, also known as hemp.
The most popular form of extraction involves supercritical CO2, where the high temperature and pressure of the CO2 breaks down the plant's organic material, leaving behind resin containing terpenes and cannabinoids.
When you read Full Spectrum on the CBD oil label, it refers to the type of extraction. The entire range of phytochemicals (cannabinoids, terpenes, plant esters, fatty acids and minerals) were preserved during the extraction process in a full spectrum product.
CBD is the most abundant cannabinoid in mature hemp crops. Still, experts agree that CBD, along with its full range of natural chemicals, can yield a more holistic and versatile set of benefits for your overall health.
1. Full-spectrum:
The full spectrum is sometimes called "whole-plant extract". It is the most natural form of CBD oil as it undergoes the least amount of processing, from the cannabis plant to bottling.
Full-spectrum CBD contains cannabinoids like CBG, CBN, CBC and even THC (up to 0.3%) and terpenes like lavender and myrcene.
The benefits behind full-spectrum extracts lie in traditional plant medicine. All-natural compounds found in a plant work better together than isolated on their own. The combination of chemicals to produce a more potent result is called the entourage effect.
2. Wide spectrum:
Broad-spectrum CBD oils include various cannabinoids and terpenes but completely remove all traces of THC through a distillation process.
Suppose you want the benefits of THC-free whole plant extracts due to sensitivities or their legal status in your geographic location. In that case, broad-spectrum CBD oils are your next best bet, as the other compounds in the plan can contribute to the environmental effect.
3. CBD Isolate:
Isolated CBD extracts contain only one active compound - with up to 99.9% CBD.
This type of extract undergoes a highly refined extraction process to eliminate all other plant esters, terpenes, and cannabinoids to isolate CBD. One of the benefits of isolated CBD extract is that they are generally the most economical choice for high potency options. Keep in mind that CBD isolates tend to produce more side effects, as they lack other plant compounds to offset the effects of CBD and are often at risk of being synthetic.
Since there are traces of THC in Full Spectrum CBD products, you run the risk of failing sensitive drug tests, especially if you use high doses of CBD oil for an extended period.
THC tends to build up in fatty tissue cells, which means it has the potential to build up in your system over time [1]. This shouldn't be a problem if you take a break from using CBD (1– 3 months) before taking a drug test.
THC tends to build up in fatty tissue cells, which means it has the potential to build up in your system over time [1]. This shouldn't be a problem if you take a break from using CBD (1– 3 months) before taking a drug test.
If you're worried about failing a drug test, the next best option is broad-spectrum CBD products.
Full Spectrum CBD extracts retain many natural phytonutrients (esters, cannabinoids, terpenes and minerals) from hemp crops.
It's a more natural way to supplement CBD. Many experts agree that the full spectrum of CBD can provide a holistic and comprehensive benefit, as even small amounts of THC have therapeutic effects. This is due to a phenomenon called the entourage effect, in which all compounds work together to produce a more substantial effect. Like the instruments in an orchestra, the collective sound of the instruments delivers a more significant performance than an instrument alone.
Keep in mind that not all Full Spectrum CBD extracts are made equal. Always conduct your research on a brand before purchasing to protect your health and your hard-earned money.
An essay carried out by researchers at Syracuse University, USA, shows that cannabidiol and expectations of receiving it do not seem to reduce pain intensity but make it less unpleasant.
It has been hailed as a miracle drug and is certainly creating miracle profits. By some estimates, the cannabidiol (or CBD) market could be worth $20 billion in 2024.
Although users touted its effectiveness in relieving pain, experimental research in humans on the drug's actual effectiveness has so far been limited. However, a new study led by researchers at Syracuse University (SU) in the US sheds light on CBD's ability to reduce pain, along with the impact that the so-called placebo effect may have on pain outcomes.
"For science and the general public, the question remains: is the pain relief that CBD users claim to experience due to pharmacological effects or to placebo effects?" says Martin De Vita, a researcher at the Faculty's psychology department of Arts and Sciences at SU. "That's a fair question because we know that simply telling someone that a substance can alleviate their pain can really cause robust changes in their pain sensitivity. These are called expectation effects."
De Vita and Stephen Maisto, research professor and professor emeritus of psychology, were uniquely prepared to answer this exact question. The pair, along with fellow laboratory and doctoral candidate Dezarie Moskal, previously conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis of experimental research examining the effects of cannabinoid drugs on pain.
As the first experimental pain trial to examine CBD, their study produced consistent and noteworthy results. Among other findings, the data showed that CBD and expectations for receiving it do not appear to reduce the intensity of experimental pain but make the pain less unpleasant.
De Vita and Maisto used sophisticated equipment that safely induces experimental pain through heat, allowing them to measure how the recipient's nervous system reacts and responds to it. "Then we gave a drug, like pure CBD, or a placebo, and then we reassessed their pain responses and saw how they changed based on the substance that was given," says De Vita.
The researchers then went a step further, manipulating the information given to participants about what substances they received. In some cases, participants were told that they took CBD when they actually received the placebo or that they would receive a placebo when they actually received CBD.
"That way, we could assess whether it was the drug that relieved the pain or whether it was the expectation that they had received the drug that reduced the pain," said De Vita. "We hypothesized that we would mainly detect analgesia (pain relief) induced by expectation with placebo. After measuring several different pain outcomes, we found that it's actually a little bit of both. That is, we found improvements in pain measures caused by the pharmacological effects of CBD and the psychological effects of just hoping they had gotten the CBD. It was remarkable and surprising."
"The data is exciting, but very complex, as different measures of pain responded differently to drug effect, expectation or drug and expectation combined — so we're still trying to figure out what's behind the differential data with different types of pain measures," said Maisto. "The next step is to study the mechanisms underlying these findings and find out why giving instructions or CBD itself causes certain reactions to a pain stimulus."
Most people think of pain as an on and off switch, whether you have it or not. But pain, as De Vita describes it, is a complex phenomenon with many dimensions influenced by psychological and biological factors.
For example, while pain intensity reflects a "sensory" dimension of pain, discomfort represents an "affective" or emotional aspect of pain. "If you think of pain as the noxious noise coming out of a radio, the volume can represent the intensity of the pain, while the station can represent the quality," says De Vita.
The results of their previous study showed that while cannabinoid drugs did not reduce the amount of pain, they were "changing the channel, making it a little less unpleasant." According to De Vita, it doesn't become pleasant like the sun and rainbows, but something a little less uncomfortable. We replicated that in this study and found that CBD and expectations didn't significantly reduce the amount of pain, but made it less unpleasant—it didn't bother people as much."
As part of the study, De Vita and Maisto developed advanced experimental pain measurement protocols "to open the hood and start looking at some of these other mechanical pain processes," says De Vita. "It's not just pain, yes or no, but there are these other dimensions of pain, and it would be interesting to see which ones are being targeted. We found that sometimes the pharmacological effects of CBD diminished some of them, but expectations did not. Sometimes they both did that. Sometimes it was just the anticipation. And so, we were thinking that we were going to mainly detect expectation-induced pain relief, but what we found was much more complex than that, and that's exciting."
An important observation to be considered is also the source of CBD. "What we used in our study was pure CBD oil alone," says De Vita. "Commercially available CBD products differ in their content and purity, so results may differ for different CBD products depending on what other compounds they may or may not contain."
